Followers

Wednesday, May 20, 2020

what is Java Strings, how to use String Length,finding character in string,java method,java classes,String Concatenation,Adding Numbers and Strings

Java Strings




Java Strings


Java Strings

Strings are used for storing text.

A String variable contains a collection of characters surrounded by double quotes:

Example

Create a variable of type String and assign it a value:

String greeting = "Hello";


String Length

A String in Java is actually an object, which contain methods that can perform certain operations on strings. For example, the length of a string can be found with the length() method:

Example

String txt = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
System.out.println("The length of the txt string is: " + txt.length());


More String Methods

There are many string methods available, for example toUpperCase() and toLowerCase():

Example

String txt = "Hello World";
System.out.println(txt.toUpperCase());   // Outputs "HELLO WORLD"
System.out.println(txt.toLowerCase());   // Outputs "hello world"


Finding a Character in a String

The indexOf() method returns the index (the position) of the first occurrence of a specified text in a string (including whitespace):

Example

String txt = "Please locate where 'locate' occurs!";
System.out.println(txt.indexOf("locate")); // Outputs 7

Java counts positions from zero.
0 is the first position in a string, 1 is the second, 2 is the third ...

String Concatenation

The + operator can be used between strings to combine them. This is called concatenation:

Example

String firstName = "John";
String lastName = "Doe";
System.out.println(firstName + " " + lastName);

Note that we have added an empty text (" ") to create a space between firstName and lastName on print.

You can also use the concat() method to concatenate two strings:

Example

String firstName = "John ";
String lastName = "Doe";
System.out.println(firstName.concat(lastName));

Special Characters

Because strings must be written within quotes, Java will misunderstand this string, and generate an error:

String txt = "We are the so-called "Vikings" from the north.";

The solution to avoid this problem, is to use the backslash escape character.

The backslash (\) escape character turns special characters into string characters:

Escape character Result Description
\' ' Single quote
\" " Double quote
\\\Backslash

The sequence \"  inserts a double quote in a string:

Example

String txt = "We are the so-called \"Vikings\" from the north.";

The sequence \'  inserts a single quote in a string:

Example

String txt = "It\'s alright.";

The sequence \\  inserts a single backslash in a string:

Example

String txt = "The character \\ is called backslash.";



Adding Numbers and Strings

WARNING!

Java uses the + operator for both addition and concatenation.

Numbers are added. Strings are concatenated.

If you add two numbers, the result will be a number:

Example

int x = 10;
int y = 20;
int z = x + y;      // z will be 30 (an integer/number)

If you add two strings, the result will be a string concatenation:

Example

String x = "10";
String y = "20";
String z = x + y;   // z will be 1020 (a String)

If you add a number and a string, the result will be a string concatenation:

Example

String x = "10"; int y = 20; String z = x + y; // z will be 1020 (a String)


No comments:

Post a Comment